Exploration des préférences alimentaires et des comportements nutritionnels chez les enfants avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme de la région de Tlemcen.

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in communication, social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. Their global prevalence continues to rise, posing significant challenges in terms of comprehensive care. Among the associated issues, eating difficulties are common and often a source of stress for families. These may manifest as marked food selectivity, sensory hypersensitivity (to textures, tastes, smells, or sounds), or a rigid attachment to food routines, with potential consequences on nutritional balance and socialization. This study, conducted in the Tlemcen region, explored these behaviors in depth among children with ASD, highlighting a wide variability in dietary profiles, influenced by sensory, medical (such as prematurity or digestive disorders), and behavioral factors. Statistical analysis, particularly through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), revealed significant links between nutritional status (BMI), medical follow-up, consumption habits (such as snacks and juices), and sensory characteristics, allowing the identification of cumulative risk profiles. These findings confirm that the eating behaviors of autistic children cannot be understood without considering their sensory experiences, perinatal history, and overall environment. Consequently, interventions must be personalized, multidisciplinary, and child-centered, integrating nutrition, sensory education, and family support to ensure coherent and effective follow-up.