ETUDE IN VITRO DE L’EFFET ANTIFONGIQUE DES HUILES EXTRAITES DE PLANTES MEDICINALES ET LEURS EFFETS CHEZ DES RATS WISTAR CONTAMINES PAR LES MYCOTOXINES

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity of oils and their fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) isolated from three medicinal plants growing in Bechar department (Citrullus colocynthis L., Linum usitatissimum L. and Nigella sativa L.) against mycotoxines A. flavus and A. ochraceus. Two methods were used in this investigation: radial growth on solid medium and the evaluation of the biomass on liquid medium. It seems also necessary in this study to test in vivo the stabilizing or corrective impact of the oil on growing Wistar rat contaminated by 125μg / g AFB1 and / or 250μg / OTA The extraction of the oils from the studied plants offered acceptable yields. The characterization of the oils as well as their fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) via spectral analysis and viscosimetric study revealed that these later are rich in -linolenic and linoleic acids. The results of the antifungal evaluation showed that oils and their FAMEs induced underdevelopment of the studied fungi. This later was more important on the solid medium and very marked on A. flavus than A.ochraceus. The oil of Linum usitatissimum and its FAMEs showed the best antifungal percentage (IAF HL 55.65 % A.flavus-IAF HL 42.46 % A. ochraceus), (IAF HL 52.04 % A.flavus-IAF HL 42.46 % A.ochraceus). The synergisyic antifungal essay combining the three oils revealed an improvement of the inhibition of the fungal growth. In vivo study of the regulating power of oil extracted from Citrullus colocynthis L. and Nigella sativa L. showed stabilizing and corrective effects on physical weight, lipid and protein metabolism as well as on transaminases expression. These effects behave signs for a possible modulation of the impact of these mycotoxins. In conclusion, these fractions can therefore be a cheap, effective and non-toxic alternative, for the antimicrobial as well as the clinical fields.