Contribution to the Study of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Production and Consumption in Tlemcen Province

Abstract

The pomegranate tree (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit species of major importance in the Mediterranean region. Despite the historical reputation of Tlemcen wilaya (northwestern Algeria) for pomegranate cultivation, local varieties remain insufficiently characterized scientifically, hindering their valorization. This study aims to conduct a primary characterization integrating pomological, physicochemical, and socio-economic approaches. Seventy-two fruits from six local varieties (Sefri, Merini, Admi, Hamad, Yakout, and Senin laajoul) were collected from ten localities within the wilaya. Comprehensive pomological characterization (morphometric parameters of fruit, calyx, peel, arils, and seeds) was performed, complemented by physicochemical analyses of juice (pH, Brix degree, total acidity, maturity index). Concurrently, a consumption survey of 151 respondents was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Results reveal significant variability among varieties. Senin laajoul is distinguished by exceptionally large fruits (844.67 g), while Merini presents the smallest fruits (169.40 g) but the highest juice yield (64.98%) and best aril proportion (56.42%). Physicochemically, Merini and Sefri are classified as sweet varieties (maturity indices of 29.91 and 25.75, respectively), favorable for fresh consumption, whereas Yakout and Senin laajoul prove highly acidic. The survey confirms that 98% of the population consumes pomegranate, with Sefri being the preferred variety (72% of mentions), and 80% express interest in processed products. This work provides an essential foundation for the preservation and valorization of local pomegranate genetic resources in Tlemcen.