Trouble nutritionnels et métabolique au cours de la grossesse associée à l'obésité dans la région de Tlemcen

Abstract

Obesity is considered as a risk factor during pregnancy. In addition to nutritional disorders, obese mothers have a higher incidence of metabolic disorders and obstetric, maternal and fetal complications. The concept of "programming" is based on the fact that a not suitable mother's diet is occurring during critical periods of development can have long-term effects with the onset of metabolic disorders in the offspring. The objectives of this work are to characterize the nutritional and metabolic disorders in obese pregnant women and to determine the impact on the fetal-placental unit. Obese pregnant women in our study have nutritional abnormalities due to high caloric intake and micronutrient deficiencies. On the other hand, changes in hormonal and immunological statuses are marked by maternal and fetal hyperleptinemia and an increase in adipokine levels in obese mothers. In addition, disturbances of glucose homeostasis, lipids and lipoproteins and redox status are observed in obese mothers, their newborns and the placenta. In conclusion, the mother-placenta-fetus unit shows a disruption of oxidant / antioxidant balance such as an increase in oxidant biomarkers and decreased antioxidant defenses, associated to metabolic alterations. Weight reduction and nutritional support before pregnancy can prevent maternal morbidity associated with obesity and its effects on fetal development. Keywords: Obesity, pregnancy, nutrition, metabolism, oxidative stress, mother, fetus, placenta.