Caractérisation, modélisation et simulation de la caractéristique I-V d’une cellule photovoltaïque : Effet d’ombrage

Abstract

Photovoltaic electricity is obtained by the direct transformation of sunlight into electricity, by means of photovoltaic cells. The objective of this thesis is to simulate and improve the MPP (Maximum Power Point) and the efficiency of photovoltaic cells in the case of partial shading based on monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline. In a first part of this work we have made measurements on a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell for a uniform and non-uniform illumination, in order to analyze their influence on the solar conversion efficiency. Thus, several electrical parameters have been determined (short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum power point MPP, form factor, etc.). A Matlab simulation program has been developed to establish the I-V characteristic and calculate the maximum power delivered by the cell. The results obtained allowed us to highlight the model with two exponentials giving good results compared to that of an exponential. We also carried out measurements in real conditions using three types of solar panels (monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous), the value of the maximum power was found equal to 23.84W for the monocrystalline module. In a second part we optimize the current-voltage characteristic for a partial shading of the cell of a photovoltaic module while integrating the diode Bypass; this also improves the efficiency of the photovoltaic module