Berrahoui, Samira2025-01-262025-01-262025-01-26https://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/handle/112/24396Genetic engineering is a revolutionary technology that allows the genetic makeup of an organism to be modified, either by removing, introducing or replacing one or more DNA fragments. This handout, briefly describes the main tools and techniques commonly used to perform these manipulations. Through theoretical reminders and practical exercises, the techniques of amplification, analysis and sequencing of genomes are covered: Molecular cloning, hybridization methods, PCR and sequencing. These fundamental notions of genetic engineering, are addressed to undergraduate biology students, and more specifically to students of molecular biology and microbiology.frgebetic, engineering, recombinant, cloningThesis