Bensalem, Mohammed2013-10-272013-10-272013-10-27https://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/handle/112/2638The objective of our work is to study the technique of desalinating sea water and its impact on the environment. But if this technique to desalinate seawater can it really produce drinking water and what is it? And what are the disadvantages to the environment during the direct discharge of brine in sea water? To do this, our work is organized around three basic parts:  The first study on theoretical or briefly describe water sources, general techniques on desalination of seawater and we study the process of desalination of seawater by reverse osmosis.  The second part focuses on the practical part. It is to follow the steps Desalination, and testing the quality of water produced through physical-chemical determination of the content of the discharge station, as a result of his analysis we find that there is: The rate of all parameters is higher compared to the rates of other analyzes samples (sea water and treated water), which may explain the effectiveness of the process of desalination . Among its values, the salinity is higher, which is probably a retention of various salts by reverse osmosis membranes, which may directly affect the conductivity and mineralization of these effluents. Also note the high rate of chlorides was probably the use of hydrochloric acid during pretreatment, and has its abundance in sea water turbidity increase is very significant to that of the seawater and treated water, which Can be interpreted by the presence of suspended solids as well as membrane fouling. It can be a source of influence on the fauna and flora.  The third part focuses on the study of environmental impacts deferens releases brines and energy far beyond standards in almost all cases represents a nonnegligible impact on the aquatic ecosystem.  Finally, we conclude with a general conclusion. Keywords: Desalination, Seawater, Water Shortages, Reverse Osmosis, Sustainability.frThesis